干旱区玉米和豌豆间作对大型和中型土壤动物多样性的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米和绿肥间作是中国西北干旱区重要的种植结构，不仅能够有效提高作物产量，还能增加土壤动物多样性，进而提升土壤功能。基于此，本文利用陷阱法和干漏斗分离法调查2023年5月和7月玉米和豌豆间作与玉米单作田大型和中型土壤动物多样性。结果表明：（1）玉米和豌豆间作与单作相比提高了大型和中型土壤动物的捕获数量，其群落组成也存在一定差异并随着采样期的变化而变；（2）玉米和豌豆间作对大型土壤动物群落组成有显著影响，但对中型土壤动物群落组成影响较小；（3）5月和7月玉米和豌豆间作田大型土壤动物的数量和类群丰富度均高于玉米单作田，中型土壤动物的类群丰富度和多样性指数在7月显著高于单作田；（4）全氮（TN）对土壤动物的影响作用较大，大型土壤动物的活动密度和玉米产量呈显著的线性正相关关系。总之，玉米和豌豆间作能够提高大型和中型土壤动物数量，还会影响土壤动物群落结构，进而改变土壤动物食物网结构及其功能。

关键词: 干旱区, 绿洲农田, 玉米和豌豆间作, 玉米单作, 大型和中型土壤动物

Abstract:

The intercropping of maize with green manure is an important cropping system in the arid regions of northwest China， which not only effectively increases crop yields but also enhances soil fauna diversity， thereby improving soil functions. Based on this， the study investigated the diversity of macrofauna and mesofauna in maize-vetch intercropping and maize monoculture fields during May and July 2023， using pitfall traps and Tullgren methods. The results indicated that：（1） Compared with maize monoculture， maize-vetch intercropping increased the abundance of macrofauna and mesofauna， and their community composition also differed， exhibiting temporal variation across the sampling periods. （2） Maize and vetch intercropping had a significant effect on the composition of the macrofauna community， but a minimal effect on the composition of the mesofauna community. （3） The abundance and taxonomic richness of soil macrofauna in the maize-vetch intercropping field were higher than those in the maize monoculture field in both May and July. Additionally， the taxonomic richness and Shannon-wiener diversity index of soil mesofauna in the maize-vetch intercropping field were significantly higher than those in the maize monoculture field in July. （4） The effect of total nitrogen （TN） on soil macrofauna was significant， and a significant positive linear correlation was observed between the activity density of soil macrofauna and maize yield. In summary， maize-vetch intercropping can increase the abundance of macrofauna and mesofauna and also influence the structure of soil fauna communities， thereby altering the structure and function of soil food webs.

Key words: arid regions, oasis farmland, maize and vetch intercropping, maize monoculture, soil macrofauna and mesofauna

中图分类号:

王永珍, 刘继亮, 何志斌, 冯怡琳, 赵文智, 任嘉隆, 杨荣. 干旱区玉米和豌豆间作对大型和中型土壤动物多样性的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(1): 41-49.

Yongzhen Wang, Jiliang Liu, Zhibin He, Yilin Feng, Wenzhi Zhao, Jialong Ren, Rong Yang. Effects of maize and vetch intercropping on the diversity of macrofauna and mesofauna in arid regions[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 41-49.

图/表 6

图1 玉米和豌豆间作田与玉米单作田大型、中型土壤动物的相对多度

Fig.1 Relative abundance of macrofauna and mesofauna in maize-vetch intercropping and maize monoculture fields

图2 玉米和豌豆间作田与玉米单作田大型、中型土壤动物群落NMDS排序

Fig.2 NMDS ordination diagram of soil macrofauna and mesofauna communities in maize-vetch intercropping and maize monoculture fields

表1 采样时间、生境类型对大型、中型土壤动物多样性的二因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA of sampling period and habitat type on macrofauna and mesofauna diversity

指标	采样时间		生境类型		采样时间*生境类型
指标	F	P	F	P	F	P
大型土壤动物
数量	1.700	0.229	10.003	0.013	0.335	0.579
类群丰富度	0.516	0.493	0.516	0.493	0.516	0.493
多样性指数	5.287	0.051	0.852	0.383	0.026	0.875
中型土壤动物
数量	3.520	0.097	0.367	0.561	0.557	0.477
类群丰富度	3.571	0.095	17.286	0.003	3.571	0.095
多样性指数	6.899	0.030	16.024	0.004	0.000	0.993

图3 玉米和豌豆间作田与玉米单作田大型、中型土壤动物数量、类群丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数比较

Fig.3 Comparison of the abundance， taxonomic richness， and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil macrofauna in maize-vetch intercropping and maize monoculture fields

图4 玉米和豌豆间作田、玉米单作田大型、中型土壤动物数量与环境因子的Mantel分析注：SOC为有机碳；TN为全氮；TP为全磷；pH为土壤pH值；EC为电导率；SBD为土壤容重

Fig.4 Mantel analysis of soil macrofauna abundance and environmental factors in maize-vetch intercropping and maize monoculture fields

图5 玉米和豌豆间作田、玉米单作田大型、中型土壤动物数量与作物产量之间的回归关系

Fig.5 Regression relationship between soil macrofauna and crop yield in maize-vetch intercropping and maize monoculture fields

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